Bamboo industry to become globally recognized green industry, has a huge economic value, ecological value and cultural values are increasingly paying attention to people. As an important non-wood resources in the current concerns about global warming, the shortage of timber against the backdrop of the world's bamboo industry in the development of research has practical relevance.
First, the world's bamboo resources distribution
Bamboo plants around the world there are about 70 genera and more than 1200 kinds, mainly in tropical and subtropical regions, a few bamboo distributed in temperate and boreal. A sharp decline in global forest area, bamboo area has an annual rate of 3 percent increase. Bamboo area of the whole world has reached 2 200 Wan hm2, accounting for about 1 percent of forest area; annual bamboo production in 1500 million to 20 million t. World bamboo bamboo area can be divided into the Asia-Pacific, the Americas and Africa District bamboo bamboo zone. Asia-Pacific area is the world's largest bamboo bamboo zone, there are about 50 bamboo genera and more than 900 kinds. The main bamboo producing countries China, India, Myanmar, Thailand, Bangladesh, Cambodia, Vietnam, Japan, Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, South Korea, Sri Lanka. India has a bamboo area of about 2.097 million hm2; Myanmar bamboo forest area of 2.17 million hm2; Thailand bamboo area of about 810 thousand hm2; Bangladesh bamboo area of 600,000 hm 2; Vietnam bamboo area of one million hm2; American bamboo producing areas south to southern Argentina and north to the eastern United States, a total of 18 genera and more than 270 kinds in North America, mainly concentrated in the east. Amazon Basin, 34 0 million hm 2 forests, 1 0.2 million hm2 of the bamboo forest, accounting for 3 percent of forest area; African bamboo small area south from southern Mozambique and north to eastern Sudan: Europe has no natural distribution of bamboo species of bamboo native to North America only a few. Over the past century, Britain, France, Germany, Italy, Belgium, Holland and other European countries and the United States and Canada from Asia, Africa, Latin America, some of the bamboo producing countries a lot of bamboo species introduction.
Second, the development of bamboo industry around the world
Asia-Pacific area is the world's bamboo bamboo distribution center, an area of bamboo forest area accounts for 45 percent of the world's bamboo, bamboo kinds of bamboo species of the world's total resources, total resources of 80 percent. The following are the main bamboo producing areas around the world, the development of situation:
1. China's bamboo industry has a long history, set an industry example
China's abundant bamboo resources, cultivated the use of a long history. Well-known British scholar Joseph Needham in the "History of Science and Technology of China," pointed out that the East Asian civilization in the past been known as the "bamboo civilization", the Chinese were known as the "bamboo civilized country." China now has more than 500 kinds of bamboo resources, bamboo area of 5.2 million hm2, the total area of bamboo forests of the world's nearly 1 / 4. Bamboo is affected by the construction, building materials, household and other fields, the formation of more than 100 series of bamboo products. Thousands of varieties, with the flower industry, forest industry, forest along with the food industry to become China's forestry development in the four major sunrise industries. Such a huge industry has set an example for the world to promote the people's concern about additional timber bamboo resource consumption and maintenance of ecological balance and lead the development of bamboo industry around the world. According to statistics, China's bamboo industry production value of 1981 only 4 million yuan in 2000 was 200 billion yuan in 2006 reached 66 billion yuan, industrial output value in 2007 bamboo 800 billion yuan.
2. Japan's rich culture and high-tech bamboo bamboo industry
Bamboo Industry Development in Japan, like China with a long history. Chinese culture was brought to Japan, the Japanese absorbed Chinese bamboo culture and has a good heritage and development of bamboo and Japanese culture combined with the inherent, forming a unique culture of the Japanese bamboo. Japanese bamboo culture is an important part of Japanese culture, Japanese folding fan with bamboo produced in the Song of the Sino-Japanese trade, commodities trading is the most important one, deeply the Chinese people's affection.
Japan's current area of 141.3 thousand bamboo hm2, there are 13 genera, 230 species. In the forest surrounding the growth of a lush bamboo forest is also a Japanese plant distribution of the most salient features. In addition to Hokkaido, the other regions are growing bamboo, 60 percent concentrated in Kyushu. Japanese Bamboo 97 percent privately owned, intensive management, and an annual output of bamboo 200,000 ~ 300,000 t. With the canned bamboo shoots and bamboo products are imported into the increase in bamboo growing areas of the population aging, the impact of persistently high labor costs, declining population of mountain species of bamboo, bamboo area is decreasing from the age of 70. Japan imports large amounts of bamboo every year and bamboo products, especially bamboo food. In order to safeguard the development of bamboo industry in Japan to strengthen high-tech support for bamboo industry development in the bamboo on the use of technology development-oriented science and technology investment, development of bamboo charcoal, bamboo vinegar, bamboo fiber, bamboo fiber and other high-tech bamboo products. Mie Prefecture, Japan in 2006 developed a manufacturer of bamboo as raw material can be biodegradable molding material of new technologies. Japan's bamboo industry is rich with culture and high-tech content of the bamboo to lead the direction of the world's bamboo processing and utilization.
3. India's "National Bamboo Scheme"
Bamboo in India "poor man's timber," said. Former Indian Prime Minister Atal Bihari Vajpayee said the bamboo "green gold" and said India would vigorously promote the development of bamboo industry as the engine of rural economic development and strive in 2007 to create 800 million jobs nationwide, so that five million in rural areas families out of poverty, and for the Government 1 per year 60 billion rupees of revenue. India's government hopes to around 2015, making India the world's leading bamboo products export powerhouse. In 1999, the Indian establishment of the National Bamboo Development Commission, implementing the "National Plan of bamboo." Ministry of Textiles concerned about the manufacture of bamboo handicrafts; Ministry of Industry concerned about the industrial uses of bamboo; food processing department concerned about the bamboo shoot processing industry; Science and Technology located in India's northeast through the bamboo growing areas of the test site for bamboo research and development; commercial focus of the Department development of bamboo products exports. India's some of the major forestry research departments have begun in India in areas outside the tropical rain forest development and the establishment of bamboo resources by farmers to cultivate a base run. This means farmers will be operating plantations of bamboo supply in the future security and meet the special needs of the market bamboo source of raw materials, while also conducive to maintaining the ecological balance of the various regions of India. India is the world's largest country in the use of bamboo paper. Paper mill in the country nearly one hundred factories in more than half of the use of bamboo raw material, bamboo is estimated that the proportion of raw materials in papermaking for 45 percent -60 percent. India is also the world's first development of power generation potential of bamboo in the world. In 2006, India began in the northeast's largest bamboo producing areas Mizoram province of bamboo as a fuel for the construction of two new environmentally friendly power plant. Mizoram, India to build will be the first to use such a "green" electricity local state. Bamboo and bamboo leftover power generation, not only low cost, but also conducive to the environment, its principle is similar to using rice husk power generation, will soon dry after pyrolysis gasification of bamboo, and then produced combustible gas to generate electricity, the extent of the use of bamboo in India can be the same is comparable to wood, consumption are great.
4. "American Bamboo" action
Origin of bamboo resources in the United States are not many bamboo origin is only a few, in addition to Daqing and its two sub-species of bamboo fence, there is no native bamboo species, the late 19th century, began the introduction of bamboo. The early 20th century, the United States Department of Agriculture Organization conducted a study of bamboo pulp from around the world conducted a large-scale collection and the introduction of bamboo species. Planted throughout the United States Plant Introduction Station, the introduction of bamboo species has made great progress. Americans have a greater interest in bamboo, use it as a landscape, prevent erosion, making arts and crafts materials and food. The 20th century, the late 70s, the United States set up a "bamboo Association" carried out a large number of bamboo, education, publicity and introduction to work for the popularity of bamboo in the United States and the United States and promote the development of bamboo industry has made great contributions. According to the American Bamboo Industry Association data provided by: the United States in 2002 bamboo industrial output value of 3 0 million ~ 4 O00 million. Bamboo Society of Southern California branch of the United States to implement "the American Bamboo" action of the origin of species of bamboo in the Americas to implement effective protection and rational development and utilization; bamboo production and trading of processed products are also very active. America about 40 ~ 50 processed products bamboo production and management of companies and enterprises, most of which bamboo products distributor. U.S. Bamboo extraordinarily rapid development of horticulture industry, the existing kinds of transactions carried out bamboo garden bamboo species, bamboo nursery of about 150 over the world. 6 of which are large-scale production and sales companies, 12 specialized bamboo nursery, about 10 bamboo species of the right to import foreign companies, initially built industrial scale, and the establishment of a more perfect production, supply and service system, resulting in a good social, ecological and economic benefits. The United States is also the world's largest import market of bamboo products. There are hundreds of kinds of bamboo products, most imported from abroad.
5. "Bamboo in Europe"
Europe has no natural distribution of bamboo species, but because of personal interests of local residents and environmental beautification and protection of ecological importance, Italy, Germany, France, the Netherlands, the United Kingdom and other European countries from Asia, Africa, Latin America, a number of countries producing bamboo Introduction a large number of bamboo species. 2000 set up a "European Bamboo Society" Six months to convene a meeting, bamboo research and economic and technological exchange activities was very enthusiastic. Europe has set up many ornamental garden of bamboo used for scientific research and testing Chuk Yuen. In 2002, the European Commission funded a "bamboo in Europe" project. In northern Germany, planting some bamboo species collected in different bamboo species and their genetic types, they were evaluated. This work by the German Research Center for Agricultural Crop Research Institute affiliated to implement. Experiment focused on those who might be applicable to agricultural development in Europe, possibly as a new energy alternative crops or for other kinds of bamboo cultivation. Germany to further study of the breeding project focuses on increasing the biomass of the bamboo. Bamboo evaporation coefficient is less than 300, than traditional plants. Therefore, a higher utilization rate of water. Bamboo contain the energy (per kg of dry matter can be released 17.1MJ combustion heat value) and its more than 40 percent of the cellulose content makes it more suitable as a generator of energy and raw materials for paper and pulp production. In 2002, the German Federal Agricultural Research Center, told the 65 kinds of plants suitable for the production of biological energy has been studied, in which bamboo has great advantages. If you set the priority, then the bamboo will be within the top five, mainly due to better productivity of bamboo can be harvested year after year, but yields are not reduced; bamboo to keep the green in the winter, which was longer than for the European sunshine is particularly important in areas short; bamboo than any other alternative crops to higher utilization of water; and bamboo has a very good mechanical properties, suitable for bio-energy conversion.
6. Africa, "Ghana Program"
Bamboo producing areas of Africa is the smallest of the three major distribution area of a bamboo industries are relatively lagging behind in producing bamboo zone. As the production and processing technological backwardness, and lack of development funds, bamboo development are very difficult to form a complete industrial system. In recent years, due to the advantages of bamboo products to be more and more widely recognized. UNIDO attaches great importance to the development of bamboo products, utilization and processing, and chose Ghana to carry out the bamboo industry in this field. UNIDO United Nations "organized by integrated program in Ghana" project, Ghana was represented at the training course hosted by China's international bamboo; commissioned by the Chinese side to Ghana bamboo samples were technical tests, and send the relevant personnel in Ghana were investigated in China . Under the impetus of the United Nations, UNIDO, Ghana Land and Forestry Department to the Cabinet submitted a memorandum asking the Government to adopt a policy of Ghana, bamboo and rattan development. Bamboo industry will soon become Africa's poverty alleviation and agriculture as an important source of income.
Third, development of bamboo industry around the world, comparative analysis of the situation
Through China, Japan, India, Europe and the United States and other countries the world's major producing Bamboo Bamboo Industry Development status of the study and found that individual countries or regions have their own characteristics and the development of bamboo industry, different levels of development, industry in a different direction, attention to different elements:
1. Uneven development around the world
The world's bamboo resources distribution is uneven, according to resources and development history, the most developed Asian bamboo industry, of which China's most well-developed bamboo industrial output value in 2007 is expected to up to 800 billion yuan, an annual growth rate of 20 percent of the development of the world's industry has made an excellent role model. Japanese bamboo declining resource base, but a high degree of forest land intensive, most of the diversion of water and soil conservation, and landscaping, etc. to use. Japanese bamboo products processing and utilization of new technology development and research is very active. Bamboo bamboo products processing enterprises attach importance to finishing the depth, generally does not produce semi-finished products to the full and effective use of bamboo resources. Japan has developed in recent years, bamboo fiber, bamboo leaf flavone series of health products and charcoal series of other high-tech products. Japanese bamboo products mainly come from the economic efficiency of enterprises on the finishing of their products, not referring to the traditional, more expensive labor crafts-style production model, but in a modern design concept, based on the development of the product from the market analysis to production management techniques and a series of scientific, efficient means of production. India, bamboo is rich in resources, but the real intensive management of bamboo rarely. Forest Growth is poor, very low yield. The use of bamboo in India's largest paper making, paper making use of treated wastewater for irrigation. Bamboo baskets and other containers were also used in the preparation, more modern manufacturing bamboo plywood bamboo utilization, mainly in Uttar Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh some of the larger cities in the vicinity. But India's bamboo industry has just started, and get the government's financial, scientific and technological support, to catch up with world science and technology, finance and information industry development in the wave of the future will show the same international impact as Bangalore. Europe and the United States of bamboo resources are not abundant bamboo industry has just started a small scale, but a greater impact on the development of bamboo industry spent a lot of enthusiasm and interest in a high level of resource utilization. Bamboo Industry in Africa is relatively lagging behind other bamboo producing areas.
2. East-West Industries in a different direction: the East is concerned that traditional industries and emerging industries of Western concern
Asia 45 percent of the world focused on the world's bamboo resources, although rich in natural resources, but the different levels of economic development has brought the industry with the Western countries the road. China's bamboo industry is still dominated by traditional industries. Bamboo in the construction, paper making, light industry, food, furniture, packaging, transportation and other industries widely used, some of the products produced for export. India, Thailand and other countries, bamboo bamboo producing areas in the initial stage of industrialization, coupled with its own mode of economic growth of these Asian countries is still in the traditional model, for use and development of bamboo resources, could not shake off the shackles of the traditional model. Bamboo industry in Asian countries, the development of traditional industries, Europe, the United States, Japan and other developed countries continue to strengthen the utilization of bamboo resources in the research. Japan continues to introduce new high-tech bamboo products. The European Union has funded a row in Germany, Belgium, the Netherlands, France, Italy, Spain and other countries to "sustainable management of bamboo and bamboo Quality Improvement" and "European Bamboo Action Plan" and other major projects. Europe and the United States a higher degree of industrialization in developed countries, services a high proportion of natural to bamboo as a new resource for the emerging field of service, attention to the emerging field of bamboo utilization, which focused on development of biological properties of bamboo, bamboo products deep processing application in new areas, landscaping, bamboo, bamboo for ecological services and the integration of design.
3. East and the West concerned about the different elements: attention to cultural elements of the East, the West concerned about the environmental and design elements
Because of historical and cultural reasons, to China and Japan as the representative of the Asian countries, the bamboo industry in the development process more concerned about the human elements of bamboo, while the Western Europe and the United States who are concerned about the environmental elements of bamboo and design. China's long cultural and bamboo indissoluble bond, forming a colorful and unique Chinese bamboo culture, constitutes a unique color in Chinese culture. Would "prefer to eat no meat, can not live without bamboo," reveals the history of Chinese civilization, a special phenomenon: the bamboo as a special carrier, has penetrated into the material and spiritual aspects of the Chinese nation. In Japan, bamboo since ancient times have been ordained clean and sacred thing. Widely used in lives, not only in basic necessities, but also reflected in the literature, education, and construction and other aspects of national psychology. Bamboo Culture in Japan an important part of culture.
The East to create a unique cultural flavor rich bamboo culture. Bamboo industry in the development process continue to spread to the West, the East bamboo culture, Westerners also showed great interest in bamboo. In Western eyes, bamboo is a product of China's charm, which is the West people are interested in the root of bamboo, but bamboo production and processing of the ecological nature, but also coincided with the Western health, natural, environmentally friendly idea is not to seek The combined, through excellent design and fine processing of bamboo products produced in foreign countries have good market prospects. Green building in the popular idea of the context of the construction industry in the West as the "steel plant" of bamboo, more and more by the architect of all ages. And put into design practice. In 2003, the world-renowned designer Rodgers (Richard Rodgers) designed by the Madrid International Airport, making use of Chinese bamboo fire ceiling, has drawn worldwide attention, more people began to try to study new areas in the application of bamboo, more and more consumer have begun to accept this new natural materials. Followed by the Clinton Library, the European Nike Stadium, Tobu Department Store in Tokyo, Japan, Germany, BMW Gallery, the European headquarters of IBM have used Chinese-made bamboo flooring. 2005 BMW began using Chinese imports bamboo veneer used in automobile interiors. 2006 Dazhuang cooperation with the University of Cambridge developed the wind wheel bamboo page, bamboo development into the energy sector. Bamboo flooring used in the construction, home, public places, have good environmental assessment. The United States a public golf course to the use of bamboo materials, the environmental assessment plus 10 points. Western designers, and more at the cultural level began to experiment with modern design language to give new vitality to the bamboo. In 2007 by world-renowned "Walking in the design of front-end architecture firm" (Foreign Office Architects) design is located in the southern suburbs of Madrid, called "The Carabanchel" of public housing built out of Lo, the shock caused by the construction industry in the world. The external walls of the building using bamboo as the main material, not only green, more generous concept of exploring the meaning and practical avant-garde not only be called a modern bamboo house.
Around the world can see the design of an oriental flavor, rich works, a number of Western designers to design it to use its keen sense of smell to explore the East history and culture of ancient and thick base Dien, creating the design world today, the West leading the fashion trend once the glory situation, in which the East has a rich green color and color of bamboo as an important medium.
First, the world's bamboo resources distribution
Bamboo plants around the world there are about 70 genera and more than 1200 kinds, mainly in tropical and subtropical regions, a few bamboo distributed in temperate and boreal. A sharp decline in global forest area, bamboo area has an annual rate of 3 percent increase. Bamboo area of the whole world has reached 2 200 Wan hm2, accounting for about 1 percent of forest area; annual bamboo production in 1500 million to 20 million t. World bamboo bamboo area can be divided into the Asia-Pacific, the Americas and Africa District bamboo bamboo zone. Asia-Pacific area is the world's largest bamboo bamboo zone, there are about 50 bamboo genera and more than 900 kinds. The main bamboo producing countries China, India, Myanmar, Thailand, Bangladesh, Cambodia, Vietnam, Japan, Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, South Korea, Sri Lanka. India has a bamboo area of about 2.097 million hm2; Myanmar bamboo forest area of 2.17 million hm2; Thailand bamboo area of about 810 thousand hm2; Bangladesh bamboo area of 600,000 hm 2; Vietnam bamboo area of one million hm2; American bamboo producing areas south to southern Argentina and north to the eastern United States, a total of 18 genera and more than 270 kinds in North America, mainly concentrated in the east. Amazon Basin, 34 0 million hm 2 forests, 1 0.2 million hm2 of the bamboo forest, accounting for 3 percent of forest area; African bamboo small area south from southern Mozambique and north to eastern Sudan: Europe has no natural distribution of bamboo species of bamboo native to North America only a few. Over the past century, Britain, France, Germany, Italy, Belgium, Holland and other European countries and the United States and Canada from Asia, Africa, Latin America, some of the bamboo producing countries a lot of bamboo species introduction.
Second, the development of bamboo industry around the world
Asia-Pacific area is the world's bamboo bamboo distribution center, an area of bamboo forest area accounts for 45 percent of the world's bamboo, bamboo kinds of bamboo species of the world's total resources, total resources of 80 percent. The following are the main bamboo producing areas around the world, the development of situation:
1. China's bamboo industry has a long history, set an industry example
China's abundant bamboo resources, cultivated the use of a long history. Well-known British scholar Joseph Needham in the "History of Science and Technology of China," pointed out that the East Asian civilization in the past been known as the "bamboo civilization", the Chinese were known as the "bamboo civilized country." China now has more than 500 kinds of bamboo resources, bamboo area of 5.2 million hm2, the total area of bamboo forests of the world's nearly 1 / 4. Bamboo is affected by the construction, building materials, household and other fields, the formation of more than 100 series of bamboo products. Thousands of varieties, with the flower industry, forest industry, forest along with the food industry to become China's forestry development in the four major sunrise industries. Such a huge industry has set an example for the world to promote the people's concern about additional timber bamboo resource consumption and maintenance of ecological balance and lead the development of bamboo industry around the world. According to statistics, China's bamboo industry production value of 1981 only 4 million yuan in 2000 was 200 billion yuan in 2006 reached 66 billion yuan, industrial output value in 2007 bamboo 800 billion yuan.
2. Japan's rich culture and high-tech bamboo bamboo industry
Bamboo Industry Development in Japan, like China with a long history. Chinese culture was brought to Japan, the Japanese absorbed Chinese bamboo culture and has a good heritage and development of bamboo and Japanese culture combined with the inherent, forming a unique culture of the Japanese bamboo. Japanese bamboo culture is an important part of Japanese culture, Japanese folding fan with bamboo produced in the Song of the Sino-Japanese trade, commodities trading is the most important one, deeply the Chinese people's affection.
Japan's current area of 141.3 thousand bamboo hm2, there are 13 genera, 230 species. In the forest surrounding the growth of a lush bamboo forest is also a Japanese plant distribution of the most salient features. In addition to Hokkaido, the other regions are growing bamboo, 60 percent concentrated in Kyushu. Japanese Bamboo 97 percent privately owned, intensive management, and an annual output of bamboo 200,000 ~ 300,000 t. With the canned bamboo shoots and bamboo products are imported into the increase in bamboo growing areas of the population aging, the impact of persistently high labor costs, declining population of mountain species of bamboo, bamboo area is decreasing from the age of 70. Japan imports large amounts of bamboo every year and bamboo products, especially bamboo food. In order to safeguard the development of bamboo industry in Japan to strengthen high-tech support for bamboo industry development in the bamboo on the use of technology development-oriented science and technology investment, development of bamboo charcoal, bamboo vinegar, bamboo fiber, bamboo fiber and other high-tech bamboo products. Mie Prefecture, Japan in 2006 developed a manufacturer of bamboo as raw material can be biodegradable molding material of new technologies. Japan's bamboo industry is rich with culture and high-tech content of the bamboo to lead the direction of the world's bamboo processing and utilization.
3. India's "National Bamboo Scheme"
Bamboo in India "poor man's timber," said. Former Indian Prime Minister Atal Bihari Vajpayee said the bamboo "green gold" and said India would vigorously promote the development of bamboo industry as the engine of rural economic development and strive in 2007 to create 800 million jobs nationwide, so that five million in rural areas families out of poverty, and for the Government 1 per year 60 billion rupees of revenue. India's government hopes to around 2015, making India the world's leading bamboo products export powerhouse. In 1999, the Indian establishment of the National Bamboo Development Commission, implementing the "National Plan of bamboo." Ministry of Textiles concerned about the manufacture of bamboo handicrafts; Ministry of Industry concerned about the industrial uses of bamboo; food processing department concerned about the bamboo shoot processing industry; Science and Technology located in India's northeast through the bamboo growing areas of the test site for bamboo research and development; commercial focus of the Department development of bamboo products exports. India's some of the major forestry research departments have begun in India in areas outside the tropical rain forest development and the establishment of bamboo resources by farmers to cultivate a base run. This means farmers will be operating plantations of bamboo supply in the future security and meet the special needs of the market bamboo source of raw materials, while also conducive to maintaining the ecological balance of the various regions of India. India is the world's largest country in the use of bamboo paper. Paper mill in the country nearly one hundred factories in more than half of the use of bamboo raw material, bamboo is estimated that the proportion of raw materials in papermaking for 45 percent -60 percent. India is also the world's first development of power generation potential of bamboo in the world. In 2006, India began in the northeast's largest bamboo producing areas Mizoram province of bamboo as a fuel for the construction of two new environmentally friendly power plant. Mizoram, India to build will be the first to use such a "green" electricity local state. Bamboo and bamboo leftover power generation, not only low cost, but also conducive to the environment, its principle is similar to using rice husk power generation, will soon dry after pyrolysis gasification of bamboo, and then produced combustible gas to generate electricity, the extent of the use of bamboo in India can be the same is comparable to wood, consumption are great.
4. "American Bamboo" action
Origin of bamboo resources in the United States are not many bamboo origin is only a few, in addition to Daqing and its two sub-species of bamboo fence, there is no native bamboo species, the late 19th century, began the introduction of bamboo. The early 20th century, the United States Department of Agriculture Organization conducted a study of bamboo pulp from around the world conducted a large-scale collection and the introduction of bamboo species. Planted throughout the United States Plant Introduction Station, the introduction of bamboo species has made great progress. Americans have a greater interest in bamboo, use it as a landscape, prevent erosion, making arts and crafts materials and food. The 20th century, the late 70s, the United States set up a "bamboo Association" carried out a large number of bamboo, education, publicity and introduction to work for the popularity of bamboo in the United States and the United States and promote the development of bamboo industry has made great contributions. According to the American Bamboo Industry Association data provided by: the United States in 2002 bamboo industrial output value of 3 0 million ~ 4 O00 million. Bamboo Society of Southern California branch of the United States to implement "the American Bamboo" action of the origin of species of bamboo in the Americas to implement effective protection and rational development and utilization; bamboo production and trading of processed products are also very active. America about 40 ~ 50 processed products bamboo production and management of companies and enterprises, most of which bamboo products distributor. U.S. Bamboo extraordinarily rapid development of horticulture industry, the existing kinds of transactions carried out bamboo garden bamboo species, bamboo nursery of about 150 over the world. 6 of which are large-scale production and sales companies, 12 specialized bamboo nursery, about 10 bamboo species of the right to import foreign companies, initially built industrial scale, and the establishment of a more perfect production, supply and service system, resulting in a good social, ecological and economic benefits. The United States is also the world's largest import market of bamboo products. There are hundreds of kinds of bamboo products, most imported from abroad.
5. "Bamboo in Europe"
Europe has no natural distribution of bamboo species, but because of personal interests of local residents and environmental beautification and protection of ecological importance, Italy, Germany, France, the Netherlands, the United Kingdom and other European countries from Asia, Africa, Latin America, a number of countries producing bamboo Introduction a large number of bamboo species. 2000 set up a "European Bamboo Society" Six months to convene a meeting, bamboo research and economic and technological exchange activities was very enthusiastic. Europe has set up many ornamental garden of bamboo used for scientific research and testing Chuk Yuen. In 2002, the European Commission funded a "bamboo in Europe" project. In northern Germany, planting some bamboo species collected in different bamboo species and their genetic types, they were evaluated. This work by the German Research Center for Agricultural Crop Research Institute affiliated to implement. Experiment focused on those who might be applicable to agricultural development in Europe, possibly as a new energy alternative crops or for other kinds of bamboo cultivation. Germany to further study of the breeding project focuses on increasing the biomass of the bamboo. Bamboo evaporation coefficient is less than 300, than traditional plants. Therefore, a higher utilization rate of water. Bamboo contain the energy (per kg of dry matter can be released 17.1MJ combustion heat value) and its more than 40 percent of the cellulose content makes it more suitable as a generator of energy and raw materials for paper and pulp production. In 2002, the German Federal Agricultural Research Center, told the 65 kinds of plants suitable for the production of biological energy has been studied, in which bamboo has great advantages. If you set the priority, then the bamboo will be within the top five, mainly due to better productivity of bamboo can be harvested year after year, but yields are not reduced; bamboo to keep the green in the winter, which was longer than for the European sunshine is particularly important in areas short; bamboo than any other alternative crops to higher utilization of water; and bamboo has a very good mechanical properties, suitable for bio-energy conversion.
6. Africa, "Ghana Program"
Bamboo producing areas of Africa is the smallest of the three major distribution area of a bamboo industries are relatively lagging behind in producing bamboo zone. As the production and processing technological backwardness, and lack of development funds, bamboo development are very difficult to form a complete industrial system. In recent years, due to the advantages of bamboo products to be more and more widely recognized. UNIDO attaches great importance to the development of bamboo products, utilization and processing, and chose Ghana to carry out the bamboo industry in this field. UNIDO United Nations "organized by integrated program in Ghana" project, Ghana was represented at the training course hosted by China's international bamboo; commissioned by the Chinese side to Ghana bamboo samples were technical tests, and send the relevant personnel in Ghana were investigated in China . Under the impetus of the United Nations, UNIDO, Ghana Land and Forestry Department to the Cabinet submitted a memorandum asking the Government to adopt a policy of Ghana, bamboo and rattan development. Bamboo industry will soon become Africa's poverty alleviation and agriculture as an important source of income.
Third, development of bamboo industry around the world, comparative analysis of the situation
Through China, Japan, India, Europe and the United States and other countries the world's major producing Bamboo Bamboo Industry Development status of the study and found that individual countries or regions have their own characteristics and the development of bamboo industry, different levels of development, industry in a different direction, attention to different elements:
1. Uneven development around the world
The world's bamboo resources distribution is uneven, according to resources and development history, the most developed Asian bamboo industry, of which China's most well-developed bamboo industrial output value in 2007 is expected to up to 800 billion yuan, an annual growth rate of 20 percent of the development of the world's industry has made an excellent role model. Japanese bamboo declining resource base, but a high degree of forest land intensive, most of the diversion of water and soil conservation, and landscaping, etc. to use. Japanese bamboo products processing and utilization of new technology development and research is very active. Bamboo bamboo products processing enterprises attach importance to finishing the depth, generally does not produce semi-finished products to the full and effective use of bamboo resources. Japan has developed in recent years, bamboo fiber, bamboo leaf flavone series of health products and charcoal series of other high-tech products. Japanese bamboo products mainly come from the economic efficiency of enterprises on the finishing of their products, not referring to the traditional, more expensive labor crafts-style production model, but in a modern design concept, based on the development of the product from the market analysis to production management techniques and a series of scientific, efficient means of production. India, bamboo is rich in resources, but the real intensive management of bamboo rarely. Forest Growth is poor, very low yield. The use of bamboo in India's largest paper making, paper making use of treated wastewater for irrigation. Bamboo baskets and other containers were also used in the preparation, more modern manufacturing bamboo plywood bamboo utilization, mainly in Uttar Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh some of the larger cities in the vicinity. But India's bamboo industry has just started, and get the government's financial, scientific and technological support, to catch up with world science and technology, finance and information industry development in the wave of the future will show the same international impact as Bangalore. Europe and the United States of bamboo resources are not abundant bamboo industry has just started a small scale, but a greater impact on the development of bamboo industry spent a lot of enthusiasm and interest in a high level of resource utilization. Bamboo Industry in Africa is relatively lagging behind other bamboo producing areas.
2. East-West Industries in a different direction: the East is concerned that traditional industries and emerging industries of Western concern
Asia 45 percent of the world focused on the world's bamboo resources, although rich in natural resources, but the different levels of economic development has brought the industry with the Western countries the road. China's bamboo industry is still dominated by traditional industries. Bamboo in the construction, paper making, light industry, food, furniture, packaging, transportation and other industries widely used, some of the products produced for export. India, Thailand and other countries, bamboo bamboo producing areas in the initial stage of industrialization, coupled with its own mode of economic growth of these Asian countries is still in the traditional model, for use and development of bamboo resources, could not shake off the shackles of the traditional model. Bamboo industry in Asian countries, the development of traditional industries, Europe, the United States, Japan and other developed countries continue to strengthen the utilization of bamboo resources in the research. Japan continues to introduce new high-tech bamboo products. The European Union has funded a row in Germany, Belgium, the Netherlands, France, Italy, Spain and other countries to "sustainable management of bamboo and bamboo Quality Improvement" and "European Bamboo Action Plan" and other major projects. Europe and the United States a higher degree of industrialization in developed countries, services a high proportion of natural to bamboo as a new resource for the emerging field of service, attention to the emerging field of bamboo utilization, which focused on development of biological properties of bamboo, bamboo products deep processing application in new areas, landscaping, bamboo, bamboo for ecological services and the integration of design.
3. East and the West concerned about the different elements: attention to cultural elements of the East, the West concerned about the environmental and design elements
Because of historical and cultural reasons, to China and Japan as the representative of the Asian countries, the bamboo industry in the development process more concerned about the human elements of bamboo, while the Western Europe and the United States who are concerned about the environmental elements of bamboo and design. China's long cultural and bamboo indissoluble bond, forming a colorful and unique Chinese bamboo culture, constitutes a unique color in Chinese culture. Would "prefer to eat no meat, can not live without bamboo," reveals the history of Chinese civilization, a special phenomenon: the bamboo as a special carrier, has penetrated into the material and spiritual aspects of the Chinese nation. In Japan, bamboo since ancient times have been ordained clean and sacred thing. Widely used in lives, not only in basic necessities, but also reflected in the literature, education, and construction and other aspects of national psychology. Bamboo Culture in Japan an important part of culture.
The East to create a unique cultural flavor rich bamboo culture. Bamboo industry in the development process continue to spread to the West, the East bamboo culture, Westerners also showed great interest in bamboo. In Western eyes, bamboo is a product of China's charm, which is the West people are interested in the root of bamboo, but bamboo production and processing of the ecological nature, but also coincided with the Western health, natural, environmentally friendly idea is not to seek The combined, through excellent design and fine processing of bamboo products produced in foreign countries have good market prospects. Green building in the popular idea of the context of the construction industry in the West as the "steel plant" of bamboo, more and more by the architect of all ages. And put into design practice. In 2003, the world-renowned designer Rodgers (Richard Rodgers) designed by the Madrid International Airport, making use of Chinese bamboo fire ceiling, has drawn worldwide attention, more people began to try to study new areas in the application of bamboo, more and more consumer have begun to accept this new natural materials. Followed by the Clinton Library, the European Nike Stadium, Tobu Department Store in Tokyo, Japan, Germany, BMW Gallery, the European headquarters of IBM have used Chinese-made bamboo flooring. 2005 BMW began using Chinese imports bamboo veneer used in automobile interiors. 2006 Dazhuang cooperation with the University of Cambridge developed the wind wheel bamboo page, bamboo development into the energy sector. Bamboo flooring used in the construction, home, public places, have good environmental assessment. The United States a public golf course to the use of bamboo materials, the environmental assessment plus 10 points. Western designers, and more at the cultural level began to experiment with modern design language to give new vitality to the bamboo. In 2007 by world-renowned "Walking in the design of front-end architecture firm" (Foreign Office Architects) design is located in the southern suburbs of Madrid, called "The Carabanchel" of public housing built out of Lo, the shock caused by the construction industry in the world. The external walls of the building using bamboo as the main material, not only green, more generous concept of exploring the meaning and practical avant-garde not only be called a modern bamboo house.
Around the world can see the design of an oriental flavor, rich works, a number of Western designers to design it to use its keen sense of smell to explore the East history and culture of ancient and thick base Dien, creating the design world today, the West leading the fashion trend once the glory situation, in which the East has a rich green color and color of bamboo as an important medium.
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